“In the exile and beyond it, Judaism was born.” Hmm, it’s a sweep-all statement, and I’m not certain it’s entirely accurate. My argument is not to define a precise moment or event in history when the statement might be true, but to examine the effect of the exile on the Israelites at the time, and reach into the story to discover an application for today’s Christians. Exile, whether literal or figurative, self-imposed or forced, is at the root of spiritual growth and maturity. Perhaps that is what the opening statement alludes. It is when we are in exile that we wrestle with the “big” issues in life. Who am I? Who is God? Why am I in this place? Does anyone care that I’m in this place? Jeremiah, the prophet tells us that God says to us, “Call to me and I will answer and tell you great unsearchable things you do not know.” Exile forces us to ask the deeper questions, and God promises an answer. One thing I will say is certain: once you’ve been exiled, you can never go home again.
The patriarch Jacob offers insight into the overall sense of complacency that the Israelites had just prior to their exile in 597BC. God established a covenant with Abraham, to him and all his descendants afterward. Jacob, born two generations later, understood the covenant and grew up under it but never quite grasped the impact. I read the narrative of Jacob and imagine he grew up with a sense of self-importance and entitlement. The arrogance of his actions supports my assumption. However, there comes a time when every person must wrestle with the faith of their heritage, and/or lack thereof, to conclude their own theology. For Jacob, this meant literally wrestling with God. Once he emerged from the wrestling match, Jacob was impacted physically and spiritually. Shortly after, Jacob sets up an altar and calls it
God of the God of Israel. God became personal to him.
Likewise, the Israelites must go through a period of self-examination. One would think that the Exodus and the following 800 years would have been sufficient testing ground, but sometimes rock-bottom is lower for some than it is for others. Much commentary abounds on the subject of the exile, but the Scripture say very little about the time period itself. What we learn from the biblical texts are short excerpts of insight into the perspective of the people during the exile. What was the experience for the Israelites? In a word, horrific. The atrocities of conquest and exile can not fully be understood by our modern North American culture because we do not have a personal point of reference, however, the writers of Lamentations and Psalms refer to the horror of starvation, violent death, and exposure but they seem to give greater weight to deeper spiritual anguish to the themes of being unclean, sacrilege and nakedness.
Nonetheless, cast out of their land, they are forced to deal with issues that until then had been left unexamined, namely, what it really means to be holy and how will they define themselves from among the nations. Perhaps the question that needs to be answered first is do they want to be a people set apart from the other nations? And if yes, how will that look? How the questions were answered creates a framework for modern day followers of Jesus, which will be discussed further along.
Psalm 44 offers us an appreciation of their spiritual state at the time of exile. The first 8 verses acknowledge the Lord as their shield and protector, by his power the land was won. In essence they rested in the covenantal promise of God to bring them into the land that was promised them but they don’t acknowledge their own participation in the covenantal agreement. By a broad, general statement, you could say in all those years, they didn’t make a personal covenant to God and therefore they did not uphold to God’s oft repeated command, “Be holy because I am holy.” The text following verse 8, indicate a lack of self-awareness as if they had no responsibility for their own exile. The writer wonders why they have been ruined and destroyed and they are perplexed. They speak to God as though he is like other gods, who sleep and turn their attention away. Prior to the exile, they lived so long with the worship of other gods among their people that they project onto the one true God the limitations of other gods. In the words of Paul , they knew God but didn’t glorify him, or give thanks to him so their thinking became foolish.
Throughout the exilic poetry texts we find a complete gamut of human emotion. Often they are like a petulant child, they sulk and complain. They lay blame on everyone. They are shamed and humiliated by their exposure in front of their enemies. They cry out for vindication and revenge. They have blind hope as one hopes for a winning lottery ticket – hope but not the faith to back it up. They second guess the promise, and wonder if God has renounced his covenant. But in the midst of their self-pity, we see evidence of confession and repentance. And that is place where theology is transformed. What emerges is a faith that is refined, tested and found true. I’m certain many fell away from their faith, believing that God had abandoned them, just like many fall away from the church during trial and testing, but those that persevere experience the presence of God within their testing and the faith that remains is more resilient than ever before.
When my son was in grade 1, we rented a classic kid’s movie from my own childhood, The Goonies. It’s a wonderful movie about a group of kids embarking on an adventure. I thought my son would enjoy the movie. What I didn’t remember was the scary-looking ‘freak’, or the numerous exposure the kids have with dead bodies and other scary scenes. Finally, at a crucial but frightening scene by son is beside himself with fear and can’t bear to watch anymore. Unfortunately, my son didn’t witness the resolution or see how all the scary scenes tied in at the end. Even to this day, the movie remains at the crisis point for my son.
Similar to my son’s unresolved fear produced by watching The Goonies, the Israelites are still without a resolution from the exile. Several times God made covenant with his chosen people, and each time, he added into the covenant and filled in some of the framework of the original covenant . In particular God builds on the promise of land to dwell, freedom/peace from their enemies, his presence, their name to be exalted and their being a blessings to the nations. The exile was a terrific reversal of what God promised. By looking through human eyes and understanding, it’s logical to wonder if God had renounced the covenant. Full resolution is still promised, however its conclusion must be viewed through a faithful eternal lens.
Modern day Christianity enters the story in the midst of exile and so we can read the exilic texts with a dual purpose of not only understanding Israelite history but also to give voice to our own experiences. As I’ve mentioned previously, North American Christians have not experienced forced exile but those that come from a Mennonite heritage have heard stories past down from previous generations about their exile from Russia in the pursuit of religious freedom. In the face of land seizures, torture of many kinds, including death and other demeaning acts forced upon them, many Mennonites fled to various parts of North and South America.
Growing up in the shadow of these memories shaped my own theology that our permanent dwelling will not be on earth as we know it now. We are sojourners in this place and one day we will reside in heaven, where we hold citizenship. Many New Testament writers concur , including Jesus when he prayed for the Saints to be protected while they are in the world, even though they are not of the world. There is a glorious resolution that we will one day see, together with the chosen nation of Israel. The new covenant will be fulfilled by the second coming of Jesus, the Messiah.
Until the resolution comes, I compare our generation with the elite that were chosen by Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon , to be integrated and assimilated into the Babylonian culture. Daniel and his friends didn’t experience the turmoil of the exile in the same way as many other Israelites. They were treated as royalty and yet, their names alone are known from among the exiles that were taken to the royal city. Why is that? Perhaps the others had forgotten that they were only exiles and not nationals of Babylon. Perhaps it was because, unlike Daniel, they didn’t spend time offering prayer and the study of Scripture. Daniel read the prophet Jeremiah’s words; he had a holy habit of daily prayer. His future hope was founded on the promises of God and he resolved not to defile himself. In the same way, the ‘prince of this world’ desires to assimilate us into the culture, and by doing so, we’ll forget that we are in exile. We must be like Daniel: work at what God gives us to do, be blameless before both God and men so we will be a blessing and know the blessing of God’s presence.
Humanity has been exiled, restless and scattered almost since the beginning of our story. Is it a problem for humanity? Yes. We want to get back to the place where we feel at home. Is it a problem for the LORD? No. He is our covenant God and he will bring a full resolution, and along the way, he wants to journey with us. For the Israelites, his presence was carried in the Arc of the Covenant, and now it is within our spirit. The presence is with us and our purpose is to go, keep moving. To cease striving [to go back home] and beginning knowing [the hope of our new home]. The place we are moving toward is new creation, not what has already been created. Can we go back to the place we started? No, we can never go [to the old] home again.
“If you have ever had the vision of God, you may try as you like to be satisfied on a lower level, but God will never let you.” ~Oswald Chambers